Production AdvantagesĬhile has strategic zones throughout its vast geography with renewable potential for hydrogen production. It is presented some of its main production advantages in the national territory and the renewable resources that the country offers for it. The focus of this research is to contextualize in broad terms the situation of green hydrogen in Chile. Considering the above, Chile has baselines in terms of clean electricity production that make it a valuable potential to develop a hydrogen generation industry based on clean, renewable sources and become one of the leading exporters of bulk green hydrogen in the world ( Ramirez Camargo et al., 2019 Fúnez Guerra et al., 2020). In addition to this, in recent years, Chile has quintupled the capacity to generate electricity from these sources, and it is expected that by 2030, 60% of the electricity grid will come from renewable energies ( Ministerio de Energía, 2017). Meanwhile, a total of 69% of the renewable energy matrix comes from hydroelectric plants, followed by 14% from solar energy and 13% belonging to wind energy the rest corresponds to other types of sources such as biogas and biomass ( Becerra et al., 2017). One alternative that has emerged in the last decade is the production of energy from the use of green hydrogen, that is, an element obtained from other substances that contain it through electrolysis and the use of renewable energies ( Velazquez Abad and Dodds, 2020 Yousef, 2021).Ĭurrently, renewable energies in the country represent approximately 43% of the installed capacity, with an estimated value of 9,651 MW. Therefore, such reasons have been sufficient to promote the replacement of fossil fuels with new alternatives to decarbonize their energy sources by using these resources. For example, it has the Atacama Desert with increased solar radiation rates and Chilean Patagonia with the presence of strong gusts of wind ( Simsek et al., 2019 Olivares et al., 2020). However, in addition to its commodities, the country has a unique climate and geography that position it as one of the territories with the highest solar and wind renewable resources in the world. Chile is no exception due to its constant exploitation of natural resources attributed mainly to its agricultural and mining activities ( Reyes-Bozo et al., 2014). The irreversible impacts caused by climate change around the world have prompted different nations to sign agreements and pacts to decarbonize their energy sources ( Osorio-Aravena et al., 2021 Yousef, 2021), especially in the energy sector (electricity, heating/cooling, and transport), what is the largest contributor to Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions ( IPCC, 2014). Due to this, the nation would be between the lowest estimated cost for hydrogen production, i.e., 1.5 USD/kg H 2 approximately, scenario that would place it as one of the cheapest green hydrogen producer in the world. Such availability of resources gives the nation clear advantages for hydrogen production, strong gusts of wind throughout the country, the most increased solar radiation in the world, lower cost of production of electrical supplies, among others. In this context, Chile stands out for the exceptional climate that makes it a country with a lot of renewable resources. One of these alternatives is green hydrogen. 4Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaĪs result of the adverse effects caused by climate change, the nations have decided to accelerate the transition of the energy matrix through the use of non-conventional sources free of polluting emissions.3Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.2Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.1Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.Kevin Acosta 1 Iván Salazar 2 Manuel Saldaña 1,3 Jahir Ramos 3 Alessandro Navarra 4 Norman Toro 1*
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